JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2023

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In the science of Hadith, the next level of authenticity after Sahih is known as Hasan. Hasan hadith refers to a hadith that is considered sound, but with a slightly lower level of authenticity compared to Sahih. To understand this, let's go through the different levels of hadith authenticity briefly: 1. Sahih: Sahih hadith is the highest level of authenticity. It refers to a hadith that has a solid chain of narrators (isnad) and is free from any significant flaws or defects. Sahih hadiths are considered highly reliable and can be confidently attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). 2. Hasan: Hasan hadith comes after Sahih in terms of authenticity. It refers to a hadith that is sound and reliable, but with a slightly weaker chain of narrators compared to Sahih. It may have a minor defect or weakness in its chain or content, but it does not reach the level of Sahih. 3. Da'if: Da'if hadith refers to a weak hadith. It has a flaw or weakness in its chain of narrators or content, making it less reliable than Sahih and Hasan hadiths. Da'if hadiths are not considered strong evidence and should be treated with caution when deriving rulings or beliefs. 4. Muttasil: Muttasil hadith is a term used to describe a hadith with an unbroken chain of narrators from the Prophet (pbuh) through each generation. It indicates a continuous transmission of the hadith and adds to its authenticity. So, in summary, after Sahih, the next level of authenticity in the science of Hadith is Hasan. While Sahih hadiths are considered the most reliable, Hasan hadiths also hold a strong level of authenticity and can be trusted, although they have a slightly weaker chain or minor defect compared to Sahih hadiths.

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According to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the greatest form of Jihad is suppressing one's selfish desires.
Jihad can be understood as a struggle or effort to do what is right and to fulfill one's obligations as a Muslim. While the term is often associated with physical warfare, it encompasses various aspects of life, including personal and inner struggles.
In this context, suppressing one's selfish desires refers to the continuous effort to overcome one's own ego and control our base instincts and negative emotions. It involves striving to be selfless, just, and compassionate towards others, even when it goes against our personal desires or interests.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of this form of Jihad because it requires a great deal of self-discipline, patience, and sacrifice. It is an ongoing struggle to align our actions with the teachings of Islam and to behave in a way that benefits others and pleases Allah.
While other options such as writing religious books, performing Hajj and Umrah, and even waging war in the name of Allah can all be virtuous acts in their own right, suppressing one's selfish desires takes precedence because it addresses the core of our character and helps us become better individuals. By doing so, we contribute positively to society and ensure the well-being of ourselves and others.
In summary, the greatest form of Jihad, according to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is suppressing one's selfish desires. It requires continuous effort to overcome our own ego and behave selflessly, justly, and compassionately towards others.

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Imam an-Nasai spent his days in Khurasan. Khurasan is a historical region located in northeastern Iran, parts of Afghanistan, and Central Asia. It was a very important cultural and intellectual center during Imam an-Nasai's time.
Imam an-Nasai was a renowned scholar and had a deep knowledge of the hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad). He spent a significant amount of time in Khurasan, studying, collecting, and teaching hadiths.
Khurasan was known for its vibrant scholarly community and was home to many prominent Islamic scholars. Imam an-Nasai benefited from the rich intellectual environment of Khurasan and devoted himself to the study and preservation of the hadiths.
His dedication in collecting hadiths led to the compilation of a famous book called "Sunan an-Nasai," which is one of the six most authentic books of hadiths in Sunni Islam. This book contains a collection of hadiths along with their chains of narrators, making it a valuable resource for scholars and students of Islamic knowledge.
In conclusion, Imam an-Nasai spent his days in Khurasan, where he immersed himself in the study of hadiths and contributed greatly to the preservation of Islamic knowledge through his compilation of "Sunan an-Nasai."

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In the battle of Uhud, the number of Makkan soldiers who took part was 3000.
The battle of Uhud took place between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh tribe from Mecca. The Quraysh tribe brought a large army to attack the Muslims in Medina. The Makkan army consisted of a significant number of soldiers.
To be more specific, there were 3000 Makkan troops who participated in the battle. These soldiers were well-equipped and had a strong desire to defeat the Muslims and regain their dominance in Mecca.
The Muslims, on the other hand, had fewer soldiers compared to the Makkan army. They had around 1000 warriors defending Medina. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims managed to put up a strong resistance.
During the battle, there were moments when the Muslims had the upper hand, but due to some strategic errors and a lack of discipline in some of the Muslim ranks, the tide turned in favor of the Makkan army.
Overall, the battle of Uhud was a turning point in the early history of Islam. It highlighted the importance of discipline, unity, and strategic planning. It also showed the Muslims the need to learn from their mistakes and work towards improving themselves in the future.

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Hadith 16 of an-Nawawi is about controlling anger. The Hadith says: 'I asked the Messenger of Allah: Who is the best among the people? He replied, 'The one who, when you look at him, you remember Allah.' Then I asked: Then who? He replied, 'The one who does not harm the Muslims with his tongue and hands.' Then I asked: Then who? He replied, 'The one who controls his anger.'

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A rak'ah in salat starts with Takbiratul Ihram. Takbiratul Ihram is the opening takbir (saying "Allahu Akbar") that marks the beginning of the prayer. It is the first act performed in each rak'ah of the prayer.
When we begin our prayer, we raise our hands up to our ears and say "Allahu Akbar" to enter into the state of prayer. This is called Takbiratul Ihram. It signifies the transition from our daily activities to focusing our minds and hearts on worshipping Allah.
By saying "Allahu Akbar" and raising our hands, we are expressing our belief in the greatness of Allah and our intention to dedicate this time purely for His worship.
After saying the Takbiratul Ihram, we proceed to the next actions in the salat, such as Qiyam bi Itidal (standing upright), Sujud (prostration), and Ruku (bowing). But it is the Takbiratul Ihram that marks the beginning of the rak'ah.
So, in summary, a rak'ah in salat starts with the Takbiratul Ihram, which is the opening takbir that signifies the beginning of the prayer and our transition into the state of worship.

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The phrase 'Iqra' warabbukal' akram' is from the first revelation of the Quran to Prophet Muhammad. It is followed by 'Alladhi' alama bil qalam', which translates to 'Who taught by the pen'.

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Khadijah married Muhammad (S.A.W.) at the age of 40. This is a well-known fact in Islamic history. Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman in Makkah, and she was 15 years older than Muhammad (S.A.W.). She proposed to him for marriage, recognizing his noble character and honesty. They had a long and loving marriage, which lasted for about 25 years until Khadijah's passing. Muhammad (S.A.W.) often spoke highly of Khadijah's support and companionship, and she is considered to be one of the most honored and respected women in Islamic history.

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The phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" is recited when the worshipper is in the state of sujud. Sujud is a position in the Muslim prayer where the worshipper lowers their forehead and nose to the ground. During sujud, the worshipper shows their complete submission and humility to Allah. By placing their forehead on the ground, they demonstrate their recognition of Allah's greatness and their need for His forgiveness and mercy. The phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" translates to "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High, forgive me." By reciting this phrase, the worshipper acknowledges the greatness of Allah and seeks His forgiveness for any mistakes or sins they have committed. It is important to note that this phrase should be recited silently during sujud, as it is a moment of intimate connection between the worshipper and Allah. It is a personal moment of reflection, seeking forgiveness and seeking closeness to Allah. In summary, the phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" is recited during the position of sujud in the Muslim prayer. It is a humble supplication asking for Allah's forgiveness and acknowledging His greatness.

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According to a Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), 'Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim, male and female.' Therefore, the correct answer is 'Male and Female'

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The Qur'an was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), and the Suhuf (Scrolls) were revealed to Prophet Ibrahim (A.S). Therefore, the Qur'an is to Muhammad (S.A.W.) as Suhuf is to Ibrahim (A.S)

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Imam Muslim, a prominent scholar of Hadith, was born in 817 CE and died in 875 CE. However, his most significant work, Sahih Muslim, was completed in 888 CE.

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An Hadith is referred to as da'if because it has defects in its isnad and matn. The isnad refers to the chain of transmitters, while the matn refers to the content of the Hadith. These defects can include missing or unreliable transmitters, contradictions within the chain of transmitters, or inconsistencies in the content of the Hadith. It is important to note that a da'if Hadith is not always completely unreliable. Sometimes, it may still have some supporting evidence or it may be partially reliable. However, because of the presence of these defects, scholars consider da'if Hadiths to be less reliable compared to other categories of Hadiths. It is always recommended to rely on Hadiths that are classified as sahih or hasan as they are considered to be more authentic and reliable. On the other hand, a fabricated tradition is a completely false Hadith which has been intentionally invented and has no basis in the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These fabricated Hadiths are not considered reliable at all and should be avoided. In summary, a da'if Hadith is referred to as such because it has defects in its chain of transmitters and its content. While it may still have some supporting evidence, it is considered to be less reliable compared to sahih or hasan Hadiths. Fabricated traditions, on the other hand, are completely false and should not be relied upon.

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According to Hadith 34 of an-Nawawi, the weakest form of faith is changing an evil with the heart, which means hating it and feeling that it is wrong. This is considered the least that can be done when encountering evil.

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Halimah, the wet nurse of Muhammad(S.A.W.), hailed from the Banu Sa'ad tribe. The Banu Sa'ad tribe was a branch of the larger tribe called Hawazin. They lived in the region of Najd, which is located in the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. When Muhammad(S.A.W.) was born, his mother had passed away and it was common practice in Arabia for infants to be breastfed by a wet nurse. Halimah, who belonged to the Banu Sa'ad tribe, was chosen as Muhammad(S.A.W.)'s wet nurse. Halimah and her husband took care of Muhammad(S.A.W.) during his early years, providing him with nourishment and care. It is said that during this time, Halimah's flock of sheep grew healthier and produced more milk than before, which was seen as a sign of blessing and goodness. Being raised among the Banu Sa'ad tribe, Muhammad(S.A.W.) gained valuable insights and knowledge about tribal customs, traditions, and ways of life. This upbringing would later play a significant role in his leadership and dealings with different tribes in Arabia. In summary, Halimah, the wet nurse of Muhammad(S.A.W.), belonged to the Banu Sa'ad tribe, which was a branch of the Hawazin tribe, residing in the region of Najd in central Arabia.

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"Lam yalid wa lam yulad"(Q 112:3) is preceded by "Qul Huwal Lahu Ahad". In the Quran, "Qul Huwal Lahu Ahad" is the 112th chapter, also known as Surah Al-Ikhlas. It is a short but powerful chapter that emphasizes the oneness of Allah. Before the verse "Lam yalid wa lam yulad"(Q 112:3), which translates to "He neither begets nor is born," Allah asks Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to proclaim that He is One and has no partners or children. This affirmation of Allah's oneness sets the context for the following verse which emphasizes that Allah does not have any children or offspring. By stating "Lam yalid wa lam yulad," Allah clarifies that He does not have the need to have children or to be born Himself. This is a fundamental aspect of Islamic belief, as it highlights the uniqueness and incomparability of Allah. It reinforces the concept that Allah is eternal, self-sufficient, and does not share any attributes or characteristics with His creation. Overall, the verse "Lam yalid wa lam yulad" serves as a reminder for believers to understand and accept the concept of divine oneness, and to recognize that Allah is beyond any human understanding or resemblance.

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In the context of Islamic beliefs, Al-Akhirah refers to the concept of the hereafter or the life after death. It encompasses the belief that there is a continuation of life after we die and that our actions in this world will be judged and rewarded or punished accordingly.
Similarly, Al-Qiyammah is a term used in Islam to refer to the concept of Resurrection. It signifies the belief that after death, there will be a day when all human beings will be resurrected and brought back to life in order to face judgment for their deeds.
So, the correct answer to the relationship between Al-Qiyammah and Al-Akhirah would be Resurrection. Al-Qiyammah is the event of resurrection, which is a part of the overall concept of Al-Akhirah or the hereafter in Islam.

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The article of Faith that is not among the options listed is miracles. Miracles are not considered an article of Faith in most religious traditions, including Islam.
In Islam, the articles of Faith are the fundamental beliefs that all Muslims must have in order to consider themselves believers. These articles include belief in God, belief in angels, belief in prophets, belief in scriptures, belief in the Day of Judgment, and belief in fate. These beliefs form the basis of the Islamic faith and guide Muslims in their worship and daily lives.
While miracles are often mentioned in religious texts and are associated with the actions of prophets, they are not considered a fundamental article of Faith. Miracles are extraordinary events that are believed to be caused by God's intervention in the natural order. However, the belief in miracles is not essential to the core principles of the Islamic faith.
It is important to note that different religious traditions may have different articles of Faith. This answer specifically addresses the Islamic perspective.

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The capital of the ancient Ghana empire was Awkar. The Ghana empire existed from the 4th to 13th centuries in West Africa. Awkar was located in present-day Mali, near the Niger River.
Awkar was an important trading city and served as the political and economic center of the Ghana empire. It was strategically situated between the desert region to the north and the forest region to the south, which allowed for easy access to valuable trade resources from both areas.
The wealth and power of the Ghana empire were primarily built on the control of gold and salt trade routes. Gold was abundant in the forest regions to the south, while salt was scarce in the desert regions to the north. The empire's location made it a critical hub for facilitating trade between the two regions.
Awkar became a flourishing city due to its role as a commercial center. It attracted merchants from various parts of Africa and beyond. These merchants brought goods like textiles, spices, and other valuable resources, creating a bustling marketplace in Awkar.
As the capital of the Ghana empire, Awkar was also home to important political and administrative institutions. It was where the king, known as the Ghana, held court and made decisions regarding the empire. The city was likely adorned with beautiful palaces, mosques, and other structures representing the empire's wealth and influence.
In summary, Awkar served as the capital of the ancient Ghana empire. It was a thriving city located in present-day Mali, known for its importance in trade, politics, and administration.

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According to Islamic law, a Muslim man is permitted to marry his late wife's sister. However, he is not permitted to marry his foster mother, his late father's wife, or his foster sister.

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The Suratud-Duha in the Quran consists of a total of 11 verses. If we exclude the last verse from this surah, we are left with the remaining verses. Therefore, without the last verse, the remaining verses are 10.
To summarize: - Suratud-Duha has 11 verses in total. - If we remove the last verse from this surah, we are left with the remaining verses. - Hence, without the last verse, the remaining verses in Suratud-Duha are 10.
Therefore, the correct answer is 10.

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A'ishah played a major role in the transmission of Hadiths. A'ishah was one of the wives of the Prophet Muhammad, and she possessed a remarkable memory and knowledge. She had a close relationship with the Prophet, which allowed her to witness and learn directly from him. As a result, she became a prominent source for the collection and transmission of Hadiths, which are the sayings, actions, and approvals of the Prophet Muhammad. A'ishah narrated numerous Hadiths, and her knowledge and expertise in Islamic matters made her a renowned scholar among the companions of the Prophet. Her contributions in preserving and conveying the teachings and traditions of the Prophet have played a crucial role in shaping Islamic scholarship.

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The last child of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W) was Ibrahim, who was born to Maria al-Qibtiyya. He lived for about 16 to 18 months and then died.

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Have taqwa (fear) of Allah wherever you may be, and follow up a bad deed with a good deed which will wipe it out, and behave well towards the people.

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The Tahajjud prayer is observed between the night prayer of Isha and the dawn prayer of Fajr. It is a voluntary prayer that is performed during the late hours of the night. After offering the Isha prayer, which is performed after sunset, there is a window of time during the night when Tahajjud can be performed. This time varies depending on the region and the time of year. During this blessed time, Muslims wake up from their sleep in the middle of the night to engage in additional prayers and to seek closeness to Allah. The Tahajjud prayer is highly recommended as it allows individuals to have a personal and intimate connection with their Creator. In conclusion, the Tahajjud prayer is observed between the night prayer of Isha and the dawn prayer of Fajr. It is a time when Muslims wake up during the night to engage in additional prayers and seek closeness to Allah.

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Salat Istikhara is a prayer for seeking divine guidance in decision-making. It is recommended when a Muslim is making a decision and seeks the guidance of Allah. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Istikhara'.

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The main means of transport used by the Arabs in the desert was the camel.
Camels are perfectly designed for living and traveling in desert environments. They have some unique adaptations that make them the ideal choice for traversing the desert.
One of the key reasons for using camels is their ability to conserve water. Camels are able to go for long periods of time without drinking water, which is a crucial factor in arid desert conditions where water sources may be scarce. They can survive for several days without drinking, and when they do have access to water, they can drink up to 30 gallons at once to replenish their reserves.
Another advantage of camels is their ability to tolerate extreme temperatures. They have a thick coat that helps to insulate them from the heat during the day and keep them warm at night. Their broad feet distribute their weight over a larger surface area, preventing them from sinking into the soft desert sand.
Camels also have a unique way of navigating through the desert. They have a strong sense of direction and can remember their travel routes even after long periods of time. They can use landmarks and the position of the sun and stars to find their way and avoid getting lost.
In addition to their physical adaptations, camels have been an integral part of Arab culture for centuries. They have been domesticated and trained to carry heavy loads, making them valuable for transporting goods and people across the vast desert landscapes. They are also well-suited for long journeys, as they are resilient and can withstand the challenges of desert travel.
Therefore, the camel was the primary means of transportation for the Arabs in the desert due to its adaptability to the harsh desert environment, its water conservation capabilities, its heat tolerance, its navigation skills, and its cultural significance in Arab society.

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The Qur'an was initially preserved through memory, on leather, and on rocks. Paper was not used for the initial preservation of the Qur'an.

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Marriage is a special and important relationship between two individuals that serves many purposes. However, it is important to note that not all functions of marriage are related to personal or material gain. One of the functions that marriage does not fulfill is a quick means of getting rich.
Marriage provides many important functions, such as sexual satisfaction, the foundation of family life, and security in old age.
Firstly, sexual satisfaction is an essential function of marriage. It allows two individuals to build an intimate physical connection, fostering love and emotional well-being within the relationship.
Secondly, marriage serves as the foundation of family life. It is where couples come together to form a family unit, creating a stable and nurturing environment for children to grow and develop emotionally, socially, and psychologically.
Thirdly, marriage provides security in old age. As couples grow older, they can rely on each other for emotional and financial support. This helps to alleviate concerns about loneliness and financial instability in the later stages of life.
However, marriage is not a quick means of getting rich. While a strong and healthy marriage can provide economic stability, it is not a guaranteed shortcut to amassing wealth. Financial success requires effort, hard work, and smart decision-making, both individually and as a couple.
In conclusion, marriage fulfills important functions such as sexual satisfaction, serving as the foundation of family life, and offering security in old age. However, it should not be viewed as a means of quickly acquiring wealth.

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Hadith 5 of an-Nawawi teaches us about the importance of intention in our actions. It highlights that our intentions should be pure and sincere when performing any act of worship or obeying Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Indeed, actions are judged by intentions, and every person shall have what they intended." This means that our intentions are the foundation of our actions.
Whether it is praying, giving charity, or fasting, our actions will only be accepted by Allah if our intentions are solely for His sake and not for worldly gains or show-off. This hadith reminds us to constantly check and purify our intentions so that our acts of worship become a means of drawing closer to Allah and seeking His pleasure.
In addition, this hadith also emphasizes that our intentions influence the value and reward of our actions. If our intention is to please Allah and seek His reward, our actions will be considered as acts of worship. On the other hand, if our intention is driven by worldly desires or to impress others, our actions may not have any spiritual value.
Therefore, this hadith reminds us to reflect on our intentions and ensure that they align with the teachings of Islam. By having sincere intentions, we can transform our everyday actions into acts of worship, strengthen our faith, and avoid any innovations or deviations in our religious practices.

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Talaq al-Bida'ah is a type of divorce that takes effect when it is pronounced in a specific manner. To understand this, let's break down the conditions: 1. Firstly, the divorce should be pronounced when the wife is still in her marital home. This means that the husband cannot divorce his wife when she is away from their shared residence. 2. Secondly, the divorce should be pronounced when the wife is purified of her menses. In Islamic law, a divorce cannot be validly pronounced during a woman's menstrual cycle. It can only be done when she is in a period of purity. 3. Thirdly, the divorce can be either pronounced verbally or in writing. This means that the husband can say the words of divorce out loud or write them down and communicate it to his wife. 4. Finally, Talaq al-Bida'ah takes effect when the husband pronounces the divorce three times simultaneously. This means that he has to state divorce words such as "I divorce you" three times in one instance. It is important for the husband to utter the divorce words only once, but with the understanding that it counts as three divorces. It is essential to understand that Talaq al-Bida'ah, also known as triple divorce or instant divorce, is considered highly discouraged in Islam. Scholars emphasize the importance of reconciliation and exhausting other means of resolving marital disputes before resorting to this form of divorce.

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The classifications of Hadith are used to categorize the authenticity and reliability of the narrations. The given options are:

Daif: This classification refers to weak Hadiths. These narrations have a weakness in either their chain of narrators or in the content of the Hadith itself. They are not considered strong or reliable enough to form a basis for beliefs or practices.

Mawdu: Mawdu Hadiths are fabricated or forged narrations that have been falsely attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These Hadiths were intentionally created by individuals for various reasons and are not considered authentic or reliable.

Sahih: Sahih refers to authentic Hadiths. These are narrations that have a strong and reliable chain of narrators and are in accordance with Islamic teachings. Sahih Hadiths are considered a reliable source of guidance and can be used to derive Islamic rulings and understand the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Hasan: Hasan Hadiths are those that have a good, but not as strong, chain of narrators. While they are not as strong as Sahih Hadiths, they are still considered reliable and can be used as a source of guidance in matters of Islamic practice.

Therefore, from the given options, the classification of Hasam does not exist. It is not a recognized classification of Hadith.

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The word al-Qadr occurs 3 times in the Qur'an chapter 97. Al-Qadr is an Arabic word that means 'The Night of Decree' or 'The Night of Power'. It is a special night in the month of Ramadan when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

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A Juz' of the Quran is a section that the Quran is divided into for ease of recitation and memorization. It is important to note that a Juz' is further subdivided into smaller parts. Let's explain each of the subdivisions:
1. Hizb: This is the first subdivision of a Juz'. A Juz' is divided into two equal parts, and each half is called a Hizb. So, a Juz' consists of two Hizbs. The purpose of this subdivision is to facilitate recitation in smaller portions.
2. Manzil: This is not a subdivision of a Juz'. It refers to a larger division of the Quran that divides it into seven equal parts. Each Manzil is about one-thirtieth of the Quran, enabling its recitation over a span of one week.
3. Rub': This is another subdivision of the Quran, but it is not related to the Juz'. A Rub' represents one-fourth of a Hizb. So, a Hizb consists of four Rubs. It is mainly used to break down the Hizb into smaller portions for easier memorization.
4. Nisf: This is not a subdivision of a Juz'. Nisf means "half" in Arabic, but it is not used to divide a Juz'. Instead, a Juz' is divided into two Hizbs.
To summarize, the correct answer is Manzil. While a Juz' is subdivided into Hizbs, Rubs, and halves (Nisf), Manzil is not a subdivision of a Juz', but rather a larger division of the Quran.

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According to the Quran, monotheism is not a form of shirk. Shirk refers to the act of associating partners or idols with Allah, which is considered a grave sin in Islamic belief.
Monotheism, on the other hand, is the belief in and worship of only one God. It is the fundamental concept in Islam, and Muslims are taught to believe in the oneness of God, known as "Tawheed."
The Quran repeatedly emphasizes the importance of monotheism and condemns the act of associating partners with Allah. This concept is summarized in the declaration of faith in Islam, the Shahada, which states, "There is no God but Allah, and Muhammad is His messenger."
In contrast to monotheism, atheism is the belief that there is no God or higher power. While atheism does not involve associating partners with Allah, it goes against the central pillar of Islamic belief in the existence of a single God.
Therefore, the correct answer is atheism as it stands in opposition to the belief in the oneness of God and does not involve associating partners with Allah.

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A complete Islamic prayer (Salah) ends with Taslim. Taslim is the part where the person praying turns their head to the right and then to the left, saying 'Assalamu alaikum wa rahmatullah' each time, which means 'Peace be upon you and God's mercy'.

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Voluntary fasting is encouraged on Mondays.
Fasting on Mondays is considered a virtuous act in Islam. It is not obligatory but highly recommended as it follows the example of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) who used to fast on Mondays.
Fasting on Mondays has several benefits. It helps to gain extra rewards from Allah, strengthens one's faith, purifies the soul, and provides an opportunity for self-discipline and self-reflection. Additionally, fasting on Mondays can boost physical health by allowing the body to detoxify and promoting weight loss.
However, it is important to note that fasting is a personal choice and one should always consult with a healthcare professional before undertaking any fasting regimen, as individual circumstances may vary.

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The following nullifies an Islamic marriage if it is not fulfilled except marriage feast. In Islamic law, the marriage feast (Walima) is a Sunnah (practice of the Prophet) and not a requirement for the validity of the marriage.

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The Surah which begins with four oaths is Surah at-Tin. In this Surah, Allah takes four solemn oaths to emphasize the importance of the message that is to follow. The use of oath is a rhetorical device to grab the attention of the listener and highlight the significance of what is being said. The Surah begins with the oath by the fig, then the oath by the olive, followed by the oath by Mount Sinai, and finally, the oath by this city (Makkah). These oaths serve as a way to capture the attention of the listeners and make them reflect upon the greatness of Allah's creation. Each oath corresponds to a specific lesson or message. The fig represents God's perfect creation and its sweetness can be seen as a symbol of the sweetness and goodness found in obedience to Allah. The olive is another tree that is mentioned in the Quran, and it symbolizes peace and blessings. Mount Sinai is the place where Prophet Musa (Moses) received the revelation from Allah, highlighting the importance of divine guidance. And the city, Makkah, holds great significance as the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the center of Islam. The Surah continues to deliver a powerful message of gratitude, warning, and a reminder of human responsibilities. It emphasizes that those who do righteous deeds, believe in Allah, and follow His guidance will be rewarded with a blissful life, while those who reject the truth and engage in wrongdoing will face consequences. In summary, Surah at-Tin begins with four oaths to grab the attention of the listeners and highlight the importance of the message that follows. Each oath symbolizes a specific lesson and serves to remind us of Allah's greatness and the importance of following His guidance. The Surah emphasizes the importance of righteousness, gratitude, and warns against the consequences of rejecting the truth.

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The first pledge of Aqabah was signed in 621 C.E.
The pledge of Aqabah was a significant event in the early history of Islam. It took place in the city of Aqabah, near Mecca, in the year 621 C.E. This event marked a turning point in the spread of Islam and the relationship between the Muslim community and the people of Medina.
During this pledge, a group of twelve people from the city of Medina, known as the Ansar or supporters, met with the Prophet Muhammad and made a commitment to support and protect him and his followers. This pledge showed their faith in Islam and their willingness to join the growing Muslim community.
The significance of this pledge was that it provided a safe haven for Muslims who were facing persecution in Mecca. It also laid the foundation for the migration of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers from Mecca to Medina, which would later become the capital of the Islamic state.
In summary, the first pledge of Aqabah was signed in the year 621 C.E. It was a crucial event in the history of Islam, signifying the support and protection of the Prophet Muhammad and his followers by the people of Medina. This pledge played a vital role in the expansion and establishment of the Muslim community.