JAMB UTME - Islamic Religious Studies - 2023

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The reign of Caliph Uthman b. Affan is known for several key contributions during his time as the Caliph of the Islamic state. One of the notable achievements was **standardization of the Qur'an**. During this time, the Islamic community was expanding rapidly, and there were multiple versions of the Qur'an in different dialects. This led to confusion and inconsistencies in the recitation and interpretation of the holy book. Caliph Uthman took the initiative to establish a standardized version of the Qur'an to ensure uniformity and accuracy in its recitation. To accomplish this, Caliph Uthman appointed a committee of scholars, including prominent companions of the Prophet Muhammad, to compile an official version of the Qur'an. They used the original written materials and the oral traditions passed down from the Prophet. The compiled version, known as the Uthmanic codex, formed the basis for the standardization of the Qur'an that we have today. This standardization had significant implications. It allowed for **consistency in the teachings of Islam** across different regions, ensuring that everyone was reciting and understanding the same message. It also helped in preserving the integrity of the Qur'an, protecting it from any alterations or variations. The standardization of the Qur'an during the reign of Caliph Uthman played a crucial role in the preservation and dissemination of the Islamic faith. It helped establish a solid foundation for the community and ensured the Quranic teachings were accurately conveyed from one generation to another.

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An Hadith is referred to as da'if because it has defects in its isnad and matn. The isnad refers to the chain of transmitters, while the matn refers to the content of the Hadith. These defects can include missing or unreliable transmitters, contradictions within the chain of transmitters, or inconsistencies in the content of the Hadith. It is important to note that a da'if Hadith is not always completely unreliable. Sometimes, it may still have some supporting evidence or it may be partially reliable. However, because of the presence of these defects, scholars consider da'if Hadiths to be less reliable compared to other categories of Hadiths. It is always recommended to rely on Hadiths that are classified as sahih or hasan as they are considered to be more authentic and reliable. On the other hand, a fabricated tradition is a completely false Hadith which has been intentionally invented and has no basis in the teachings of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These fabricated Hadiths are not considered reliable at all and should be avoided. In summary, a da'if Hadith is referred to as such because it has defects in its chain of transmitters and its content. While it may still have some supporting evidence, it is considered to be less reliable compared to sahih or hasan Hadiths. Fabricated traditions, on the other hand, are completely false and should not be relied upon.

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Halimah, the wet nurse of Muhammad(S.A.W.), hailed from the Banu Sa'ad tribe. The Banu Sa'ad tribe was a branch of the larger tribe called Hawazin. They lived in the region of Najd, which is located in the central part of the Arabian Peninsula. When Muhammad(S.A.W.) was born, his mother had passed away and it was common practice in Arabia for infants to be breastfed by a wet nurse. Halimah, who belonged to the Banu Sa'ad tribe, was chosen as Muhammad(S.A.W.)'s wet nurse. Halimah and her husband took care of Muhammad(S.A.W.) during his early years, providing him with nourishment and care. It is said that during this time, Halimah's flock of sheep grew healthier and produced more milk than before, which was seen as a sign of blessing and goodness. Being raised among the Banu Sa'ad tribe, Muhammad(S.A.W.) gained valuable insights and knowledge about tribal customs, traditions, and ways of life. This upbringing would later play a significant role in his leadership and dealings with different tribes in Arabia. In summary, Halimah, the wet nurse of Muhammad(S.A.W.), belonged to the Banu Sa'ad tribe, which was a branch of the Hawazin tribe, residing in the region of Najd in central Arabia.

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Suratul Fatihah (Q.1:5) is the first chapter of the Quran and it emphasizes the worship of Allah alone. The verse says 'You alone we worship, and You alone we ask for help.' Therefore, the correct answer is 'Worship none except Almighty Allah'.

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According to Islamic law, a Muslim man is permitted to marry his late wife's sister. However, he is not permitted to marry his foster mother, his late father's wife, or his foster sister.

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The capital of the ancient Ghana empire was Awkar. The Ghana empire existed from the 4th to 13th centuries in West Africa. Awkar was located in present-day Mali, near the Niger River.
Awkar was an important trading city and served as the political and economic center of the Ghana empire. It was strategically situated between the desert region to the north and the forest region to the south, which allowed for easy access to valuable trade resources from both areas.
The wealth and power of the Ghana empire were primarily built on the control of gold and salt trade routes. Gold was abundant in the forest regions to the south, while salt was scarce in the desert regions to the north. The empire's location made it a critical hub for facilitating trade between the two regions.
Awkar became a flourishing city due to its role as a commercial center. It attracted merchants from various parts of Africa and beyond. These merchants brought goods like textiles, spices, and other valuable resources, creating a bustling marketplace in Awkar.
As the capital of the Ghana empire, Awkar was also home to important political and administrative institutions. It was where the king, known as the Ghana, held court and made decisions regarding the empire. The city was likely adorned with beautiful palaces, mosques, and other structures representing the empire's wealth and influence.
In summary, Awkar served as the capital of the ancient Ghana empire. It was a thriving city located in present-day Mali, known for its importance in trade, politics, and administration.

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The main means of transport used by the Arabs in the desert was the camel.
Camels are perfectly designed for living and traveling in desert environments. They have some unique adaptations that make them the ideal choice for traversing the desert.
One of the key reasons for using camels is their ability to conserve water. Camels are able to go for long periods of time without drinking water, which is a crucial factor in arid desert conditions where water sources may be scarce. They can survive for several days without drinking, and when they do have access to water, they can drink up to 30 gallons at once to replenish their reserves.
Another advantage of camels is their ability to tolerate extreme temperatures. They have a thick coat that helps to insulate them from the heat during the day and keep them warm at night. Their broad feet distribute their weight over a larger surface area, preventing them from sinking into the soft desert sand.
Camels also have a unique way of navigating through the desert. They have a strong sense of direction and can remember their travel routes even after long periods of time. They can use landmarks and the position of the sun and stars to find their way and avoid getting lost.
In addition to their physical adaptations, camels have been an integral part of Arab culture for centuries. They have been domesticated and trained to carry heavy loads, making them valuable for transporting goods and people across the vast desert landscapes. They are also well-suited for long journeys, as they are resilient and can withstand the challenges of desert travel.
Therefore, the camel was the primary means of transportation for the Arabs in the desert due to its adaptability to the harsh desert environment, its water conservation capabilities, its heat tolerance, its navigation skills, and its cultural significance in Arab society.

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Salat Istikhara is a prayer for seeking divine guidance in decision-making. It is recommended when a Muslim is making a decision and seeks the guidance of Allah. Therefore, the correct answer is 'Istikhara'.

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The Tahajjud prayer is observed between the night prayer of Isha and the dawn prayer of Fajr. It is a voluntary prayer that is performed during the late hours of the night. After offering the Isha prayer, which is performed after sunset, there is a window of time during the night when Tahajjud can be performed. This time varies depending on the region and the time of year. During this blessed time, Muslims wake up from their sleep in the middle of the night to engage in additional prayers and to seek closeness to Allah. The Tahajjud prayer is highly recommended as it allows individuals to have a personal and intimate connection with their Creator. In conclusion, the Tahajjud prayer is observed between the night prayer of Isha and the dawn prayer of Fajr. It is a time when Muslims wake up during the night to engage in additional prayers and seek closeness to Allah.

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Permanent exemption from Ramadan fast may be occasioned by old age. According to Islamic jurisprudence, elderly people who find it extremely difficult to fast are allowed to break their fast and instead feed a poor person for each day they do not fast.

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The Prophet Muhammad lost his wife Khadijah in the year 619 C.E.

Khadijah was the first wife of Prophet Muhammad and she played a significant role in supporting him in the early years of his prophethood. She was a successful businesswoman and a strong source of emotional and financial support for the Prophet.

In the year 619, which is known as the "Year of Sorrow," both Khadijah and the Prophet's uncle, Abu Talib, passed away. Their deaths were a great loss for the Prophet Muhammad, as they were his main sources of support and protection during that time.

Therefore, the correct answer is 619 C.E.

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On the authority of Aishah, who said : The messenger of Allah said: p "He who innovates something in this matter of ours that is not of it will have it rejected."

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The Surah which begins with four oaths is Surah at-Tin. In this Surah, Allah takes four solemn oaths to emphasize the importance of the message that is to follow. The use of oath is a rhetorical device to grab the attention of the listener and highlight the significance of what is being said. The Surah begins with the oath by the fig, then the oath by the olive, followed by the oath by Mount Sinai, and finally, the oath by this city (Makkah). These oaths serve as a way to capture the attention of the listeners and make them reflect upon the greatness of Allah's creation. Each oath corresponds to a specific lesson or message. The fig represents God's perfect creation and its sweetness can be seen as a symbol of the sweetness and goodness found in obedience to Allah. The olive is another tree that is mentioned in the Quran, and it symbolizes peace and blessings. Mount Sinai is the place where Prophet Musa (Moses) received the revelation from Allah, highlighting the importance of divine guidance. And the city, Makkah, holds great significance as the birthplace of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and the center of Islam. The Surah continues to deliver a powerful message of gratitude, warning, and a reminder of human responsibilities. It emphasizes that those who do righteous deeds, believe in Allah, and follow His guidance will be rewarded with a blissful life, while those who reject the truth and engage in wrongdoing will face consequences. In summary, Surah at-Tin begins with four oaths to grab the attention of the listeners and highlight the importance of the message that follows. Each oath symbolizes a specific lesson and serves to remind us of Allah's greatness and the importance of following His guidance. The Surah emphasizes the importance of righteousness, gratitude, and warns against the consequences of rejecting the truth.

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The word al-Qadr occurs 3 times in the Qur'an chapter 97. Al-Qadr is an Arabic word that means 'The Night of Decree' or 'The Night of Power'. It is a special night in the month of Ramadan when the first verses of the Quran were revealed to the Prophet Muhammad.

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The state into which the pilgrim enters before the time of Hajj is Ihram. Ihram is a sacred state that pilgrims enter into before performing Hajj or Umrah. It is a state of purity and devotion that involves specific rituals and restrictions.
When a pilgrim enters Ihram, they must dress in prescribed clothing, which consists of two unsewn white sheets for men and modest clothing for women. This simple attire symbolizes equality and unity among all pilgrims, regardless of their social status or wealth.
Entering into Ihram involves making intentions and pronouncing the Talbiyyah, which is a declaration of a pilgrim's dedication and intention to perform Hajj or Umrah. The Talbiyyah is recited throughout the pilgrimage as a constant reminder of the purpose and devotion of the pilgrim.
In this state of Ihram, certain restrictions are imposed. Pilgrims must abstain from activities such as cutting hair or nails, using perfumes or scented products, engaging in any form of sexual activity, and arguing or engaging in any form of violence. These restrictions are meant to shift the pilgrim's focus solely on the spiritual journey and to promote a peaceful and harmonious environment among fellow pilgrims.
By entering into Ihram, the pilgrim embraces a state of humbleness, purity, and dedication to their religious obligations. It serves as a reminder of the sacredness and significance of the pilgrimage and helps pilgrims to fully immerse themselves in the spiritual experience of Hajj or Umrah.

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Khadijah married Muhammad (S.A.W.) at the age of 40. This is a well-known fact in Islamic history. Khadijah was a wealthy and successful businesswoman in Makkah, and she was 15 years older than Muhammad (S.A.W.). She proposed to him for marriage, recognizing his noble character and honesty. They had a long and loving marriage, which lasted for about 25 years until Khadijah's passing. Muhammad (S.A.W.) often spoke highly of Khadijah's support and companionship, and she is considered to be one of the most honored and respected women in Islamic history.

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The Prophet's uncle who succeeded Abu Talib as the Head of the Banu Hashum was Hamzah

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A Juz' of the Quran is a section that the Quran is divided into for ease of recitation and memorization. It is important to note that a Juz' is further subdivided into smaller parts. Let's explain each of the subdivisions:
1. Hizb: This is the first subdivision of a Juz'. A Juz' is divided into two equal parts, and each half is called a Hizb. So, a Juz' consists of two Hizbs. The purpose of this subdivision is to facilitate recitation in smaller portions.
2. Manzil: This is not a subdivision of a Juz'. It refers to a larger division of the Quran that divides it into seven equal parts. Each Manzil is about one-thirtieth of the Quran, enabling its recitation over a span of one week.
3. Rub': This is another subdivision of the Quran, but it is not related to the Juz'. A Rub' represents one-fourth of a Hizb. So, a Hizb consists of four Rubs. It is mainly used to break down the Hizb into smaller portions for easier memorization.
4. Nisf: This is not a subdivision of a Juz'. Nisf means "half" in Arabic, but it is not used to divide a Juz'. Instead, a Juz' is divided into two Hizbs.
To summarize, the correct answer is Manzil. While a Juz' is subdivided into Hizbs, Rubs, and halves (Nisf), Manzil is not a subdivision of a Juz', but rather a larger division of the Quran.

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In the Qur'an, there are certain phrases or verses that are given special significance and are repeated frequently. These phrases are known as ad-Dhikr. Ad-Dhikr helps to emphasize and reinforce important concepts in the Qur'an. It serves as a reminder and a way to keep certain teachings and principles fresh in the minds of the believers.
Similarly, in the Qur'an, there is a chapter that is considered to be the essence and summary of the entire book. This chapter is known as Ummul-Kitab, which translates to "the Mother of the Book" or "the Opening". Ummul-Kitab, also known as Al-Fatihah, is the first chapter of the Qur'an and it holds great significance.
So, to answer the question, the relationship between ad-Dhikr and the Qur'an is similar to the relationship between Ummul-Kitab and Al-Fatihah. Ad-Dhikr is a general term referring to various repeated phrases in the Qur'an, while Ummul-Kitab specifically refers to the first chapter, Al-Fatihah, which is considered the summary and essence of the entire Qur'an.
Therefore, the answer is Fatihah.

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Surah an-Nasr (Q. 110) discusses the victory of Islam and the rapid expansion of the Muslim community. Therefore, the major teaching of this Surah is that Islam has a bright future.

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In the battle of Uhud, the number of Makkan soldiers who took part was 3000.
The battle of Uhud took place between the Muslims of Medina and the Quraysh tribe from Mecca. The Quraysh tribe brought a large army to attack the Muslims in Medina. The Makkan army consisted of a significant number of soldiers.
To be more specific, there were 3000 Makkan troops who participated in the battle. These soldiers were well-equipped and had a strong desire to defeat the Muslims and regain their dominance in Mecca.
The Muslims, on the other hand, had fewer soldiers compared to the Makkan army. They had around 1000 warriors defending Medina. Despite being outnumbered, the Muslims managed to put up a strong resistance.
During the battle, there were moments when the Muslims had the upper hand, but due to some strategic errors and a lack of discipline in some of the Muslim ranks, the tide turned in favor of the Makkan army.
Overall, the battle of Uhud was a turning point in the early history of Islam. It highlighted the importance of discipline, unity, and strategic planning. It also showed the Muslims the need to learn from their mistakes and work towards improving themselves in the future.

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Lawhul-Mahfudh is a Quranic term that refers to the Preserved Tablet in Islam. According to Islamic beliefs, the Quran is considered to be the literal word of God, revealed to the Prophet Muhammad through the angel Gabriel over the course of 23 years.
The Lawhul-Mahfudh is seen as a sacred tablet where the entirety of the Quran has been recorded since the beginning of time. It is believed to be an eternal and unchangeable copy of the Quran that exists in the heavenly realm.
The Lawhul-Mahfudh is associated with the Quran in terms of preservation. It signifies that the Quran has been meticulously protected and safeguarded from any alterations or distortions throughout history. The belief is that every word and letter of the Quran has remained unchanged since it was first revealed. This is considered a miraculous aspect of the Quran and demonstrates its authenticity and divinity.
While the options provided also touch on other aspects related to the Quran, such as memorization, compilation, and recitation, the term Lawhul-Mahfudh specifically emphasizes the concept of preservation. It reflects the belief that the Quran is not only a book that was compiled and memorized by early Muslims, but also a divine scripture that has been safeguarded by God Himself.

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The phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" is recited when the worshipper is in the state of sujud. Sujud is a position in the Muslim prayer where the worshipper lowers their forehead and nose to the ground. During sujud, the worshipper shows their complete submission and humility to Allah. By placing their forehead on the ground, they demonstrate their recognition of Allah's greatness and their need for His forgiveness and mercy. The phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" translates to "Glory be to my Lord, the Most High, forgive me." By reciting this phrase, the worshipper acknowledges the greatness of Allah and seeks His forgiveness for any mistakes or sins they have committed. It is important to note that this phrase should be recited silently during sujud, as it is a moment of intimate connection between the worshipper and Allah. It is a personal moment of reflection, seeking forgiveness and seeking closeness to Allah. In summary, the phrase "Subhana rabbiyal -A'la faghfir li" is recited during the position of sujud in the Muslim prayer. It is a humble supplication asking for Allah's forgiveness and acknowledging His greatness.

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According to a Hadith of Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), 'Seeking knowledge is an obligation upon every Muslim, male and female.' Therefore, the correct answer is 'Male and Female'

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The fifty Muslim archers at the battle of Uhud were instructed to stay in their position and not leave their post. This means that they were told to maintain their position and not move or abandon their post under any circumstances. By doing so, they were expected to provide protection and cover for the Muslim army against any potential attacks from the rear.
Their role as archers was crucial to the overall strategy of the battle. They were strategically positioned on a hill behind the main Muslim army, serving as a defensive line against the enemy cavalry. It was essential for them to maintain their position in order to ensure the protection of the Muslim forces.
However, during the course of the battle, when the Muslim army initially gained the upper hand, a portion of the archers saw a chance to gain war booty and left their post against the orders they were given. This opened up a gap in the defensive line, allowing the enemy cavalry to attack from the rear.
As a result, this breach in the defensive line proved to be a turning point in the battle, leading to a setback for the Muslim forces and ultimately their defeat. The lesson learned from this incident is the importance of following instructions and maintaining discipline in the face of temptation.

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Hadith 5 of an-Nawawi teaches us about the importance of intention in our actions. It highlights that our intentions should be pure and sincere when performing any act of worship or obeying Allah.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) said, "Indeed, actions are judged by intentions, and every person shall have what they intended." This means that our intentions are the foundation of our actions.
Whether it is praying, giving charity, or fasting, our actions will only be accepted by Allah if our intentions are solely for His sake and not for worldly gains or show-off. This hadith reminds us to constantly check and purify our intentions so that our acts of worship become a means of drawing closer to Allah and seeking His pleasure.
In addition, this hadith also emphasizes that our intentions influence the value and reward of our actions. If our intention is to please Allah and seek His reward, our actions will be considered as acts of worship. On the other hand, if our intention is driven by worldly desires or to impress others, our actions may not have any spiritual value.
Therefore, this hadith reminds us to reflect on our intentions and ensure that they align with the teachings of Islam. By having sincere intentions, we can transform our everyday actions into acts of worship, strengthen our faith, and avoid any innovations or deviations in our religious practices.

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The type of Ghusl performed by a new convert to Islam is Dhukil-al-Islam.
Ghusl is a ritual purification in Islam, which involves washing the entire body in a specific manner. There are multiple types of Ghusl, each performed for different reasons.
Janabah is the type of Ghusl performed after sexual intercourse or ejaculation. Nifas is the type of Ghusl performed by women after childbirth or the termination of pregnancy. Haydah is the type of Ghusl performed by women during menstruation.
However, when a person converts to Islam, they need to perform a special type of Ghusl known as Dhukil-al-Islam. This Ghusl is performed to mark their transition into the Islamic faith. It symbolizes purification from their previous beliefs and practices, and their acceptance and commitment to follow the teachings of Islam.
During Dhukil-al-Islam Ghusl, the convert should wash their entire body with the intention of purifying themselves and embracing their new faith. They should ensure that water reaches every part of their body, from head to toe. It is important to perform this Ghusl with sincerity and reverence, understanding the significance of the journey they are embarking upon.
In summary, when a new convert enters Islam, they should perform the Dhukil-al-Islam Ghusl to purify themselves and signify their commitment to the Islamic faith.

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"Lam yalid wa lam yulad"(Q 112:3) is preceded by "Qul Huwal Lahu Ahad". In the Quran, "Qul Huwal Lahu Ahad" is the 112th chapter, also known as Surah Al-Ikhlas. It is a short but powerful chapter that emphasizes the oneness of Allah. Before the verse "Lam yalid wa lam yulad"(Q 112:3), which translates to "He neither begets nor is born," Allah asks Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) to proclaim that He is One and has no partners or children. This affirmation of Allah's oneness sets the context for the following verse which emphasizes that Allah does not have any children or offspring. By stating "Lam yalid wa lam yulad," Allah clarifies that He does not have the need to have children or to be born Himself. This is a fundamental aspect of Islamic belief, as it highlights the uniqueness and incomparability of Allah. It reinforces the concept that Allah is eternal, self-sufficient, and does not share any attributes or characteristics with His creation. Overall, the verse "Lam yalid wa lam yulad" serves as a reminder for believers to understand and accept the concept of divine oneness, and to recognize that Allah is beyond any human understanding or resemblance.

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Hadith 16 of an-Nawawi is about controlling anger. The Hadith says: 'I asked the Messenger of Allah: Who is the best among the people? He replied, 'The one who, when you look at him, you remember Allah.' Then I asked: Then who? He replied, 'The one who does not harm the Muslims with his tongue and hands.' Then I asked: Then who? He replied, 'The one who controls his anger.'

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According to Hadith 34 of an-Nawawi, the weakest form of faith is changing an evil with the heart, which means hating it and feeling that it is wrong. This is considered the least that can be done when encountering evil.

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Fajr = 2
Jummah = 2
Asr = 4
Magrib = 3
Ishai = 4

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The Qur'an was revealed to Prophet Muhammad (S.A.W.), and the Suhuf (Scrolls) were revealed to Prophet Ibrahim (A.S). Therefore, the Qur'an is to Muhammad (S.A.W.) as Suhuf is to Ibrahim (A.S)

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Maliki yawmid-Din is translated as "the King of the Day of Judgement". This phrase is part of the opening chapter of the Quran, known as Surah Al-Fatihah. It is recited in every unit of the Muslim prayer. In this phrase, "Maliki yawmid-Din", the word "Malik" means "king" or "sovereign". It refers to Allah, the one and only God, as the ultimate ruler who holds complete authority and power over everything that exists. The phrase "yawm al-Din" translates to "the Day of Judgement". It refers to a future day when everyone will be held accountable for their actions in this world. It is the day when people will be rewarded or punished based on their deeds. Putting it all together, "Maliki yawmid-Din" means that Allah is the supreme King who possesses complete authority and control over the Day of Judgement. It emphasizes the concept of divine justice, where Allah will judge everyone fairly and impartially based on their actions on that final day. Overall, this phrase acknowledges Allah's sovereignty and reminds believers of their ultimate accountability and the significance of the Day of Judgement.

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He was the first Muslim ruler in West Africa to make the journey to Mecca.

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The classifications of Hadith are used to categorize the authenticity and reliability of the narrations. The given options are:

Daif: This classification refers to weak Hadiths. These narrations have a weakness in either their chain of narrators or in the content of the Hadith itself. They are not considered strong or reliable enough to form a basis for beliefs or practices.

Mawdu: Mawdu Hadiths are fabricated or forged narrations that have been falsely attributed to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). These Hadiths were intentionally created by individuals for various reasons and are not considered authentic or reliable.

Sahih: Sahih refers to authentic Hadiths. These are narrations that have a strong and reliable chain of narrators and are in accordance with Islamic teachings. Sahih Hadiths are considered a reliable source of guidance and can be used to derive Islamic rulings and understand the teachings of the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him).

Hasan: Hasan Hadiths are those that have a good, but not as strong, chain of narrators. While they are not as strong as Sahih Hadiths, they are still considered reliable and can be used as a source of guidance in matters of Islamic practice.

Therefore, from the given options, the classification of Hasam does not exist. It is not a recognized classification of Hadith.

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According to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), the greatest form of Jihad is suppressing one's selfish desires.
Jihad can be understood as a struggle or effort to do what is right and to fulfill one's obligations as a Muslim. While the term is often associated with physical warfare, it encompasses various aspects of life, including personal and inner struggles.
In this context, suppressing one's selfish desires refers to the continuous effort to overcome one's own ego and control our base instincts and negative emotions. It involves striving to be selfless, just, and compassionate towards others, even when it goes against our personal desires or interests.
The Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) emphasized the importance of this form of Jihad because it requires a great deal of self-discipline, patience, and sacrifice. It is an ongoing struggle to align our actions with the teachings of Islam and to behave in a way that benefits others and pleases Allah.
While other options such as writing religious books, performing Hajj and Umrah, and even waging war in the name of Allah can all be virtuous acts in their own right, suppressing one's selfish desires takes precedence because it addresses the core of our character and helps us become better individuals. By doing so, we contribute positively to society and ensure the well-being of ourselves and others.
In summary, the greatest form of Jihad, according to the Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him), is suppressing one's selfish desires. It requires continuous effort to overcome our own ego and behave selflessly, justly, and compassionately towards others.

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Marriage is a special and important relationship between two individuals that serves many purposes. However, it is important to note that not all functions of marriage are related to personal or material gain. One of the functions that marriage does not fulfill is a quick means of getting rich.
Marriage provides many important functions, such as sexual satisfaction, the foundation of family life, and security in old age.
Firstly, sexual satisfaction is an essential function of marriage. It allows two individuals to build an intimate physical connection, fostering love and emotional well-being within the relationship.
Secondly, marriage serves as the foundation of family life. It is where couples come together to form a family unit, creating a stable and nurturing environment for children to grow and develop emotionally, socially, and psychologically.
Thirdly, marriage provides security in old age. As couples grow older, they can rely on each other for emotional and financial support. This helps to alleviate concerns about loneliness and financial instability in the later stages of life.
However, marriage is not a quick means of getting rich. While a strong and healthy marriage can provide economic stability, it is not a guaranteed shortcut to amassing wealth. Financial success requires effort, hard work, and smart decision-making, both individually and as a couple.
In conclusion, marriage fulfills important functions such as sexual satisfaction, serving as the foundation of family life, and offering security in old age. However, it should not be viewed as a means of quickly acquiring wealth.

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The idol that was not a part of Jahilliyyah was al-Jibl.
Jahilliyyah refers to the pre-Islamic Arabian period of ignorance and idol worship. During this time, the Arabian Peninsula was inhabited by various tribes who venerated idols and practiced polytheism. They believed that these idols were intermediaries between them and the gods.
Out of the four options given, al-Jibl is the only idol that does not have a direct connection to the pre-Islamic period of Jahilliyyah. The other three idols, namely al-Manat, al-Uzzah, and al-Lat, were revered and worshipped by the Arabian tribes during that time.
One important thing to note is that when Islam emerged, the Prophet Muhammad preached against idol worship and encouraged monotheism. He declared that these idols, including al-Manat, al-Uzzah, and al-Lat, were false deities and had no power or influence.
By rejecting idol worship and promoting monotheism, Islam brought an end to the era of Jahilliyyah and established a new era of faith in one God, Allah.

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Imam Muslim, a prominent scholar of Hadith, was born in 817 CE and died in 875 CE. However, his most significant work, Sahih Muslim, was completed in 888 CE.

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Imam an-Nasai spent his days in Khurasan. Khurasan is a historical region located in northeastern Iran, parts of Afghanistan, and Central Asia. It was a very important cultural and intellectual center during Imam an-Nasai's time.
Imam an-Nasai was a renowned scholar and had a deep knowledge of the hadith (sayings and actions of Prophet Muhammad). He spent a significant amount of time in Khurasan, studying, collecting, and teaching hadiths.
Khurasan was known for its vibrant scholarly community and was home to many prominent Islamic scholars. Imam an-Nasai benefited from the rich intellectual environment of Khurasan and devoted himself to the study and preservation of the hadiths.
His dedication in collecting hadiths led to the compilation of a famous book called "Sunan an-Nasai," which is one of the six most authentic books of hadiths in Sunni Islam. This book contains a collection of hadiths along with their chains of narrators, making it a valuable resource for scholars and students of Islamic knowledge.
In conclusion, Imam an-Nasai spent his days in Khurasan, where he immersed himself in the study of hadiths and contributed greatly to the preservation of Islamic knowledge through his compilation of "Sunan an-Nasai."